Question:If a person breaks the fast, believing that the moon of Shawwal has been proven as it is proven in the neighboring countries, afterwards, it turned out that it is not proven, what is the ruling of this?

Answer:In the name of Allah, he has to fast this day as Qadha fast and pay atonement. Allah knows best.

Question:When is it confirmed to the fasting person that the crescent of the holy month of Ramadan has been sighted?

Answer:In the name of Allah, either he sights it by himself or is informed by someone whom he trusts in seeing the crescent, or Sha`ban has been completed fully, or with the ruling of the ruler or the popularity that is for sure, so any of these is sufficient. Allah knows best.

Question:I am a person living in (Dublin). Is it permissible for me to appoint the first of the blessed Ramadan based on the proof of the crescent in the Gulf states?

Answer:In the name of Allah, If the crescent is confirmed in a region, its ruling is confirmed all over the world. Allah knows best.

Question:If the crescent moon of Ramadan is confirmed to you on Thursday night, that is, the first day of Ramadan is Thursday. What is the ruling of the one who has been proven to him the beginning of the month of Sha`ban through what he has heard from the believers, that someone has seen the crescent and he can depend on him? Accordingly, he fasted on Thursday as the first day of Ramadan, because on Wednesday it was the completion of the month of Sha’ban, and on the morning of Thursday and his intention that it was from Ramadan, but it became clear that the majority of scholars in our country did not confirm that it was from Ramadan, so he became suspicious: 1. What is the ruling of fasting if this day is not proved to be part of the month of Ramadan? 2. If he changed his intention in the morning of Thursday of Ramadan to what he missed of old fasting, or from Sha'ban or the matter he is heading to? 3. If doubt occurred that this day is not from Ramadan, but that doubt occurred after breaking the fast of this day, what is the ruling on fasting this day? 4. If the crescent moon of the month of Sha’ban is proven to him such that Wednesday is a completion for the month of Sha`ban; nevertheless, he fasted on Thursday with the intention of Qadha what is missed of old fasting, and not from the month of Ramadan?

Answer:A1. In the name of Allah, If it is proven to him or to someone whom depends on him that Thursday is the first of the month of Ramadan, his fast from the month of Ramadan is valid, and if it is not proven, it is from Sha'ban and he is rewarded in any case. Allah knows best. A2. In the name of Allah, his fast is valid on all accounts, but it is only after knowing that that day is not proven to be from the month of Ramadan. Allah knows best. A3. In the name of Allah, if it is proven in a reasonable way that it was from the month of Ramadan, he goes ahead with that. If not, it is regarded as general worship because fasting is required every day except for the days on which it is forbidden to fast. Allah knows best. A4. In the name of Allah, fasting is valid from the month of Ramadan and it is counted for him. However, it is better for him to intend it from the month of Ramadan. Allah knows best.

Question:If the crescent moon of Ramadan was confirmed by one of the scholars who are present in the region and the remaining scholars were not confirming it, what is the ruling? If it is proven - for example - with one of Najaf's best scholars and not proven by the scholars of our region, what is the ruling? And if it is proven by one of the scholars of Qom, the respected ones of knowledge, and it is not proven among the scholars of our region, what is the ruling?

Answer:In the name of Allah, if the scholar who is proven worthy of him to issue fatwas, and then rules according to his religious foundations, his rule is enforceable to all, even to the rest of the scholars whom the crescent has not proven to, then they must either abide by the fatwa or to precaution travel, unless one of them acquires unquestionable knowledge of the ruler's error of what he relied upon. That is if the difference between the scholars is that the testimony is not complete with one of them and its completeness at another. If the difference is in terms of the unity of the horizon and its multiplicity, then the person who follows a scholar must work with what his scholar (reference) says according to the latter's fatwa, after imposing the authenticity of the right scholar. Allah knows best.

Question:In countries where it is not possible to see the crescent for the presence of clouds, if a person ascends over the clouds and watches the crescent moon, does this prove it?

Answer:In the name of Allah, the meaning of the birth and vision of the crescent has been mentioned. If these conditions exist then it is true that it has been sighted. Allah knows best.

Question:The phrase in the narrations is the absolute of the crescent, so is it sufficient to see it with a telescope or the like?

Answer:In the name of Allah, sighting with machines is not a true, but rather it is a vision of its image imprinted in the lenses, since our investigation that subjects are always exposed to be judged thus they are not based on customary thoroughness but rather they are based on mental accuracy (and therefore seeing the person on a screen is not seeing him realistically); therefore, the vision with machines is not a true vision, hence that it cannot be relied upon. Yes, it is possible to locate the crescent with a telescope and other modern machines, then focus with the naked eye. If there was sight, then we would have sighted the crescent, not its image. Allah knows best.

Question:Does Islam rely on the testimony of the just people?

Answer:In the name of Allah, there is no justice for a non-Muslim, and it is a must to meet the conditions like justice, faith, devoutness and others. Allah knows best.

Question:Since the Mu'mneen are men and women who go out to see the crescent, is the crescent still proven to be sighted even if women are among the ones who would sight the crescent?

Answer:In the name of Allah, if the person is reassured, that if he swears by Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas (PBUH), he must follow whatever comes after it, because reassurance, absolute, and assertion are a proof against every sane person. As for what the astronomer says astronomy, even if the latter is right, it is not permissible to rely on him/ her. Additionally, circulating the sighting among only women does not prove the sighting. Allah knows best.

Question:If a person is reassured about the beginning of the month through the astrologers, will his rulings be reliable and followed?

Answer:In the name of Allah, if the person is reassured, that if he swears by Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas (PBUH), he must follow whatever comes after it, because reassurance, absolute, and assertion are a proof against every sane person. As for what the astronomer says astronomy, even if the latter is right, it is not permissible to rely on him/ her.